# OpenRaft GitHub Issue - To Be Filed

**Repository:** https://github.com/databendlabs/openraft/issues/new

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## Bug: Assertion failure `upto >= log_id_range.prev` during learner replication

### Version
- openraft: 0.9.21
- Rust: 1.91.1
- OS: Linux

### Description

When adding a learner to a single-node Raft cluster and attempting to replicate logs, OpenRaft panics with an assertion failure in debug builds. In release builds, the assertion is skipped but the replication hangs indefinitely.

### Assertion Location
```
openraft-0.9.21/src/progress/inflight/mod.rs:178
assertion failed: upto >= log_id_range.prev
```

### Reproduction Steps

1. Bootstrap a single-node cluster (node 1)
2. Start a second node configured as a learner (not bootstrapped)
3. Call `add_learner(node_id=2, node=BasicNode::default(), blocking=true)` from the leader
4. The add_learner succeeds
5. During subsequent replication/heartbeat to the learner, panic occurs

### Minimal Reproduction Code

```rust
// Leader node (bootstrapped)
let raft = Raft::new(1, config, network, log_store, sm).await?;
raft.initialize(btreemap!{1 => BasicNode::default()}).await?;

// Wait for leader election
sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)).await;

// Add learner (second node is running but not bootstrapped)
raft.add_learner(2, BasicNode::default(), true).await?; // Succeeds

// Panic occurs here during replication to learner
// Either during add_learner's blocking wait or subsequent heartbeats
```

### Expected Behavior

The learner should receive AppendEntries from the leader and catch up with the log without assertion failures.

### Actual Behavior

- **Debug build:** Panic with `assertion failed: upto >= log_id_range.prev`
- **Release build:** No panic, but replication hangs indefinitely (suggests undefined behavior)

### Feature Flags Tested

- `loosen-follower-log-revert` - No effect on this assertion

### Analysis

The assertion `debug_assert!(upto >= log_id_range.prev)` in the `ack` method validates that acknowledgments are monotonically increasing within the replication window.

The failure suggests that when a new learner is added, the progress tracking state may not be properly initialized, causing the first acknowledgment to violate this invariant.

This appears related to (but different from) the fix in #584/#585, which addressed `value > prev` in `progress/mod.rs`. This assertion is in `progress/inflight/mod.rs`.

### Environment

```toml
[dependencies]
openraft = { version = "0.9", features = ["serde", "storage-v2", "loosen-follower-log-revert"] }
```

### Additional Context

- Single-node to multi-node cluster expansion via dynamic membership
- Learner node has empty log state (never bootstrapped)
- Leader is already initialized with some log entries

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**File this issue at:** https://github.com/databendlabs/openraft/issues/new