Harden FiberLB native BGP control plane

fiberlb/crates/fiberlb-server/src/config.rs

@@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ pub struct ServerConfig {
     #[serde(default)]
     pub vip_advertisement: VipAdvertisementConfig,
 
+    /// Local VIP ownership configuration.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub vip_ownership: VipOwnershipConfig,
+
     /// Native BGP speaker configuration
     #[serde(default)]
     pub bgp: BgpConfig,
@@ -145,6 +149,31 @@ impl Default for VipAdvertisementConfig {
     }
 }
 
+/// Local VIP ownership runtime configuration.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct VipOwnershipConfig {
+    /// Whether FiberLB should claim VIP /32 addresses on the local node.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub enabled: bool,
+
+    /// Interface used for local VIP ownership.
+    #[serde(default = "default_vip_ownership_interface")]
+    pub interface: String,
+}
+
+fn default_vip_ownership_interface() -> String {
+    "lo".to_string()
+}
+
+impl Default for VipOwnershipConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            enabled: false,
+            interface: default_vip_ownership_interface(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Static BGP peer configuration.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct BgpPeerConfig {
@@ -272,6 +301,7 @@ impl Default for ServerConfig {
             auth: AuthConfig::default(),
             health: HealthRuntimeConfig::default(),
             vip_advertisement: VipAdvertisementConfig::default(),
+            vip_ownership: VipOwnershipConfig::default(),
             bgp: BgpConfig::default(),
         }
     }

fiberlb/crates/fiberlb-server/src/lib.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ pub mod metadata;
 pub mod services;
 pub mod tls;
 pub mod vip_manager;
+pub mod vip_owner;
 
 pub use bgp_client::{create_bgp_client, BgpClient, BgpError, NativeBgpSpeaker};
 pub use config::ServerConfig;
@@ -23,3 +24,4 @@ pub use metadata::LbMetadataStore;
 pub use services::*;
 pub use tls::{build_tls_config, CertificateStore, SniCertResolver};
 pub use vip_manager::VipManager;
+pub use vip_owner::{KernelVipAddressOwner, VipAddressOwner, VipOwnershipError};

fiberlb/crates/fiberlb-server/src/main.rs

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ use fiberlb_api::{
 };
 use fiberlb_server::{
     config::MetadataBackend, create_bgp_client, spawn_health_checker, BackendServiceImpl,
-    CertificateServiceImpl, DataPlane, HealthCheckServiceImpl, L7DataPlane, L7PolicyServiceImpl,
+    CertificateServiceImpl, DataPlane, HealthCheckServiceImpl, KernelVipAddressOwner, L7DataPlane,
-    L7RuleServiceImpl, LbMetadataStore, ListenerServiceImpl, LoadBalancerServiceImpl,
+    L7PolicyServiceImpl, L7RuleServiceImpl, LbMetadataStore, ListenerServiceImpl,
-    PoolServiceImpl, ServerConfig, VipManager,
+    LoadBalancerServiceImpl, PoolServiceImpl, ServerConfig, VipAddressOwner, VipManager,
 };
 use iam_service_auth::AuthService;
 use metrics_exporter_prometheus::PrometheusBuilder;
@@ -248,7 +248,14 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
             )
         })?;
         let bgp = create_bgp_client(config.bgp.clone()).await?;
-        let manager = Arc::new(VipManager::new(bgp, metadata.clone(), next_hop));
+        let vip_owner: Option<Arc<dyn VipAddressOwner>> = if config.vip_ownership.enabled {
+            Some(Arc::new(KernelVipAddressOwner::new(
+                config.vip_ownership.interface.clone(),
+            )))
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        let manager = Arc::new(VipManager::new(bgp, metadata.clone(), next_hop, vip_owner));
         let _vip_task = manager.clone().spawn(Duration::from_secs(
             config.vip_advertisement.interval_secs.max(1),
         ));
@@ -352,7 +359,11 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
             CertificateServiceServer::new(certificate_service),
             make_interceptor(auth_service.clone()),
         ))
-        .serve(grpc_addr)
+        .serve_with_shutdown(grpc_addr, async {
+            if let Err(error) = wait_for_shutdown_signal().await {
+                tracing::warn!(error = %error, "FiberLB shutdown signal handler failed");
+            }
+        })
         .await;
 
     let _ = health_shutdown_tx.send(true);
@@ -367,6 +378,27 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+async fn wait_for_shutdown_signal() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        use tokio::signal::unix::{signal, SignalKind};
+
+        let mut terminate = signal(SignalKind::terminate())?;
+        tokio::select! {
+            _ = tokio::signal::ctrl_c() => {}
+            _ = terminate.recv() => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    {
+        tokio::signal::ctrl_c().await?;
+    }
+
+    tracing::info!("FiberLB shutdown signal received");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn parse_metadata_backend(value: &str) -> Result<MetadataBackend, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
     match value.trim().to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
         "flaredb" => Ok(MetadataBackend::FlareDb),

fiberlb/crates/fiberlb-server/src/vip_manager.rs

@@ -14,15 +14,22 @@ use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn};
 
 use crate::bgp_client::BgpClient;
 use crate::metadata::LbMetadataStore;
+use crate::vip_owner::VipAddressOwner;
 use fiberlb_types::LoadBalancerId;
 
-/// VIP advertisement state
+/// Current local control-plane state for a VIP.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum VipState {
+struct VipState {
-    /// VIP is advertised to BGP peers
+    /// The VIP is configured on the local node.
-    Advertised,
+    owned: bool,
-    /// VIP is withdrawn from BGP peers
+    /// The VIP is advertised to BGP peers.
-    Withdrawn,
+    advertised: bool,
+}
+
+impl VipState {
+    fn is_idle(self) -> bool {
+        !self.owned && !self.advertised
+    }
 }
 
 /// VIP Manager
@@ -37,17 +44,25 @@ pub struct VipManager {
     metadata: Arc<LbMetadataStore>,
     /// Current VIP advertisement state
     vip_state: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<IpAddr, VipState>>>,
+    /// Optional local VIP owner.
+    vip_owner: Option<Arc<dyn VipAddressOwner>>,
     /// Router's own IP address (used as BGP next hop)
     next_hop: IpAddr,
 }
 
 impl VipManager {
     /// Create a new VIP manager
-    pub fn new(bgp: Arc<dyn BgpClient>, metadata: Arc<LbMetadataStore>, next_hop: IpAddr) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        bgp: Arc<dyn BgpClient>,
+        metadata: Arc<LbMetadataStore>,
+        next_hop: IpAddr,
+        vip_owner: Option<Arc<dyn VipAddressOwner>>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             bgp,
             metadata,
             vip_state: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
+            vip_owner,
             next_hop,
         }
     }
@@ -148,39 +163,72 @@ impl VipManager {
     ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         let mut state = self.vip_state.write().await;
 
-        // Find VIPs to announce (active but not yet advertised)
         for vip in active_vips {
-            match state.get(vip) {
+            let mut vip_state = state.get(vip).copied().unwrap_or_default();
-                Some(VipState::Advertised) => {
+            let mut changed = false;
-                    // Already advertised, nothing to do
+
-                    debug!("VIP {} already advertised", vip);
+            if !vip_state.owned {
-                }
+                if let Some(vip_owner) = &self.vip_owner {
-                Some(VipState::Withdrawn) | None => {
+                    info!("Claiming local VIP {} on this node", vip);
-                    // Need to announce
+                    if let Err(error) = vip_owner.ensure_present(*vip).await {
-                    info!("Announcing VIP {} (healthy backends available)", vip);
+                        error!("Failed to claim local VIP {}: {}", vip, error);
-                    if let Err(e) = self.bgp.announce_route(*vip, self.next_hop).await {
+                        continue;
-                        error!("Failed to announce VIP {}: {}", vip, e);
-                    } else {
-                        state.insert(*vip, VipState::Advertised);
                     }
                 }
+                vip_state.owned = true;
+                changed = true;
+            } else {
+                debug!("VIP {} already locally owned", vip);
+            }
+
+            if !vip_state.advertised {
+                info!("Announcing VIP {} (healthy backends available)", vip);
+                if let Err(error) = self.bgp.announce_route(*vip, self.next_hop).await {
+                    error!("Failed to announce VIP {}: {}", vip, error);
+                } else {
+                    vip_state.advertised = true;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                debug!("VIP {} already advertised", vip);
+            }
+
+            if changed {
+                state.insert(*vip, vip_state);
             }
         }
 
-        // Find VIPs to withdraw (advertised but no longer active)
+        let managed_vips: Vec<IpAddr> = state.keys().copied().collect();
-        let advertised_vips: Vec<IpAddr> = state
+        for vip in managed_vips {
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|(_, &state)| state == VipState::Advertised)
-            .map(|(vip, _)| *vip)
-            .collect();
-
-        for vip in advertised_vips {
             if !active_vips.contains(&vip) {
-                info!("Withdrawing VIP {} (no healthy backends)", vip);
+                let mut vip_state = state.get(&vip).copied().unwrap_or_default();
-                if let Err(e) = self.bgp.withdraw_route(vip).await {
+
-                    error!("Failed to withdraw VIP {}: {}", vip, e);
+                if vip_state.owned {
+                    if let Some(vip_owner) = &self.vip_owner {
+                        info!("Releasing local VIP {} (no healthy backends)", vip);
+                        if let Err(error) = vip_owner.ensure_absent(vip).await {
+                            error!("Failed to release local VIP {}: {}", vip, error);
+                        } else {
+                            vip_state.owned = false;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        vip_state.owned = false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if vip_state.advertised {
+                    info!("Withdrawing VIP {} (no healthy backends)", vip);
+                    if let Err(error) = self.bgp.withdraw_route(vip).await {
+                        error!("Failed to withdraw VIP {}: {}", vip, error);
+                    } else {
+                        vip_state.advertised = false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if vip_state.is_idle() {
+                    state.remove(&vip);
                 } else {
-                    state.insert(vip, VipState::Withdrawn);
+                    state.insert(vip, vip_state);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -190,22 +238,52 @@ impl VipManager {
 
     /// Manually advertise a VIP (for testing or manual control)
     pub async fn advertise_vip(&self, vip: IpAddr) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-        info!("Manually advertising VIP {}", vip);
-        self.bgp.announce_route(vip, self.next_hop).await?;
-
         let mut state = self.vip_state.write().await;
-        state.insert(vip, VipState::Advertised);
+        let mut vip_state = state.get(&vip).copied().unwrap_or_default();
+
+        if !vip_state.owned {
+            if let Some(vip_owner) = &self.vip_owner {
+                info!("Claiming local VIP {} on this node", vip);
+                vip_owner.ensure_present(vip).await?;
+            }
+            vip_state.owned = true;
+        }
+
+        if !vip_state.advertised {
+            info!("Manually advertising VIP {}", vip);
+            self.bgp.announce_route(vip, self.next_hop).await?;
+            vip_state.advertised = true;
+        }
+
+        state.insert(vip, vip_state);
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Manually withdraw a VIP (for testing or manual control)
     pub async fn withdraw_vip(&self, vip: IpAddr) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-        info!("Manually withdrawing VIP {}", vip);
-        self.bgp.withdraw_route(vip).await?;
-
         let mut state = self.vip_state.write().await;
-        state.insert(vip, VipState::Withdrawn);
+        let mut vip_state = state.get(&vip).copied().unwrap_or_default();
+
+        if vip_state.owned {
+            if let Some(vip_owner) = &self.vip_owner {
+                info!("Releasing local VIP {} on this node", vip);
+                vip_owner.ensure_absent(vip).await?;
+            }
+            vip_state.owned = false;
+        }
+
+        if vip_state.advertised {
+            info!("Manually withdrawing VIP {}", vip);
+            self.bgp.withdraw_route(vip).await?;
+            vip_state.advertised = false;
+        }
+
+        if vip_state.is_idle() {
+            state.remove(&vip);
+        } else {
+            state.insert(vip, vip_state);
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -216,19 +294,41 @@ impl VipManager {
     pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         info!("VIP manager shutting down, withdrawing all VIPs...");
 
-        let state = self.vip_state.read().await;
+        let mut state = self.vip_state.write().await;
-        let advertised_vips: Vec<IpAddr> = state
+        let managed_vips: Vec<IpAddr> = state.keys().copied().collect();
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|(_, &state)| state == VipState::Advertised)
-            .map(|(vip, _)| *vip)
-            .collect();
 
-        drop(state); // Release read lock before withdrawing
+        for vip in managed_vips {
+            let mut vip_state = state.get(&vip).copied().unwrap_or_default();
 
-        for vip in advertised_vips {
+            if vip_state.owned {
-            info!("Withdrawing VIP {} for shutdown", vip);
+                info!("Releasing local VIP {} for shutdown", vip);
-            if let Err(e) = self.bgp.withdraw_route(vip).await {
+                if let Some(vip_owner) = &self.vip_owner {
-                error!("Failed to withdraw VIP {} during shutdown: {}", vip, e);
+                    if let Err(error) = vip_owner.ensure_absent(vip).await {
+                        error!(
+                            "Failed to release local VIP {} during shutdown: {}",
+                            vip, error
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        vip_state.owned = false;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    vip_state.owned = false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if vip_state.advertised {
+                info!("Withdrawing VIP {} for shutdown", vip);
+                if let Err(error) = self.bgp.withdraw_route(vip).await {
+                    error!("Failed to withdraw VIP {} during shutdown: {}", vip, error);
+                } else {
+                    vip_state.advertised = false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if vip_state.is_idle() {
+                state.remove(&vip);
+            } else {
+                state.insert(vip, vip_state);
             }
         }
 
@@ -241,7 +341,7 @@ impl VipManager {
         let state = self.vip_state.read().await;
         state
             .iter()
-            .filter(|(_, &state)| state == VipState::Advertised)
+            .filter(|(_, state)| state.advertised)
             .map(|(vip, _)| *vip)
             .collect()
     }
@@ -251,19 +351,22 @@ impl VipManager {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::bgp_client::{BgpClient, Result};
+    use crate::vip_owner::VipOwnershipError;
     use std::sync::Mutex;
 
     /// Mock BGP client for testing
     struct MockBgpClient {
         announced: Arc<Mutex<HashSet<IpAddr>>>,
         withdrawn: Arc<Mutex<HashSet<IpAddr>>>,
+        events: Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>,
     }
 
     impl MockBgpClient {
-        fn new() -> Self {
+        fn new(events: Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>) -> Self {
             Self {
                 announced: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashSet::new())),
                 withdrawn: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashSet::new())),
+                events,
             }
         }
     }
@@ -271,11 +374,19 @@ mod tests {
     #[tonic::async_trait]
     impl BgpClient for MockBgpClient {
         async fn announce_route(&self, prefix: IpAddr, _next_hop: IpAddr) -> Result<()> {
+            self.events
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .push(format!("announce:{prefix}"));
             self.announced.lock().unwrap().insert(prefix);
             Ok(())
         }
 
         async fn withdraw_route(&self, prefix: IpAddr) -> Result<()> {
+            self.events
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .push(format!("withdraw:{prefix}"));
             self.withdrawn.lock().unwrap().insert(prefix);
             Ok(())
         }
@@ -285,13 +396,51 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    struct MockVipOwner {
+        owned: Arc<Mutex<HashSet<IpAddr>>>,
+        released: Arc<Mutex<HashSet<IpAddr>>>,
+        events: Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>,
+    }
+
+    impl MockVipOwner {
+        fn new(events: Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>) -> Self {
+            Self {
+                owned: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashSet::new())),
+                released: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashSet::new())),
+                events,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tonic::async_trait]
+    impl VipAddressOwner for MockVipOwner {
+        async fn ensure_present(&self, vip: IpAddr) -> std::result::Result<(), VipOwnershipError> {
+            self.events.lock().unwrap().push(format!("own:{vip}"));
+            self.owned.lock().unwrap().insert(vip);
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        async fn ensure_absent(&self, vip: IpAddr) -> std::result::Result<(), VipOwnershipError> {
+            self.events.lock().unwrap().push(format!("unown:{vip}"));
+            self.released.lock().unwrap().insert(vip);
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_vip_advertisement_tracking() {
-        let mock_bgp = Arc::new(MockBgpClient::new());
+        let events = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let mock_bgp = Arc::new(MockBgpClient::new(events.clone()));
+        let mock_owner = Arc::new(MockVipOwner::new(events.clone()));
         let metadata = Arc::new(LbMetadataStore::new_in_memory());
         let next_hop = "10.0.0.1".parse().unwrap();
 
-        let manager = VipManager::new(mock_bgp.clone(), metadata, next_hop);
+        let manager = VipManager::new(
+            mock_bgp.clone(),
+            metadata,
+            next_hop,
+            Some(mock_owner.clone()),
+        );
 
         let vip: IpAddr = "10.0.1.100".parse().unwrap();
 
@@ -304,5 +453,16 @@ mod tests {
         manager.withdraw_vip(vip).await.unwrap();
         assert!(manager.get_advertised_vips().await.is_empty());
         assert!(mock_bgp.withdrawn.lock().unwrap().contains(&vip));
+        assert!(mock_owner.released.lock().unwrap().contains(&vip));
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            events.lock().unwrap().clone(),
+            vec![
+                format!("own:{vip}"),
+                format!("announce:{vip}"),
+                format!("unown:{vip}"),
+                format!("withdraw:{vip}"),
+            ]
+        );
     }
 }

fiberlb/crates/fiberlb-server/src/vip_owner.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//! Local VIP ownership management for FiberLB.
+//!
+//! This module claims and releases VIP `/32` addresses on a local interface so
+//! the kernel actually treats the advertised VIP as a local destination.
+
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use tokio::process::Command;
+
+/// Result type for VIP ownership operations.
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, VipOwnershipError>;
+
+/// VIP ownership errors.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum VipOwnershipError {
+    #[error("I/O error: {0}")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+    #[error("kernel VIP ownership command failed: {0}")]
+    CommandFailed(String),
+    #[error("unsupported VIP ownership operation: {0}")]
+    Unsupported(String),
+}
+
+/// Trait for local VIP ownership.
+#[tonic::async_trait]
+pub trait VipAddressOwner: Send + Sync {
+    /// Ensure a VIP is locally owned on this node.
+    async fn ensure_present(&self, vip: IpAddr) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Ensure a VIP is no longer locally owned on this node.
+    async fn ensure_absent(&self, vip: IpAddr) -> Result<()>;
+}
+
+/// Linux kernel-backed VIP owner using `ip addr add/del`.
+pub struct KernelVipAddressOwner {
+    interface: String,
+    ip_command: String,
+}
+
+impl KernelVipAddressOwner {
+    /// Create a kernel-backed VIP owner for the given interface.
+    pub fn new(interface: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            interface: interface.into(),
+            ip_command: resolve_ip_command(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn run_ip(&self, args: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
+        let output = Command::new(&self.ip_command).args(args).output().await?;
+        if output.status.success() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        Err(VipOwnershipError::CommandFailed(format!(
+            "{} {}: {}",
+            self.ip_command,
+            args.join(" "),
+            render_command_output(&output)
+        )))
+    }
+
+    async fn add_v4(&self, vip: Ipv4Addr) -> Result<()> {
+        let args = vec![
+            "-4".to_string(),
+            "addr".to_string(),
+            "add".to_string(),
+            format!("{vip}/32"),
+            "dev".to_string(),
+            self.interface.clone(),
+        ];
+
+        match self.run_ip(&args).await {
+            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+            Err(VipOwnershipError::CommandFailed(message)) if message.contains("File exists") => {
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Err(error) => Err(error),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn del_v4(&self, vip: Ipv4Addr) -> Result<()> {
+        let args = vec![
+            "-4".to_string(),
+            "addr".to_string(),
+            "del".to_string(),
+            format!("{vip}/32"),
+            "dev".to_string(),
+            self.interface.clone(),
+        ];
+
+        match self.run_ip(&args).await {
+            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+            Err(VipOwnershipError::CommandFailed(message))
+                if message.contains("Cannot assign requested address") =>
+            {
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Err(error) => Err(error),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[tonic::async_trait]
+impl VipAddressOwner for KernelVipAddressOwner {
+    async fn ensure_present(&self, vip: IpAddr) -> Result<()> {
+        match vip {
+            IpAddr::V4(vip) => self.add_v4(vip).await,
+            IpAddr::V6(_) => Err(VipOwnershipError::Unsupported(format!(
+                "VIP ownership currently supports IPv4 only (got {vip})"
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn ensure_absent(&self, vip: IpAddr) -> Result<()> {
+        match vip {
+            IpAddr::V4(vip) => self.del_v4(vip).await,
+            IpAddr::V6(_) => Err(VipOwnershipError::Unsupported(format!(
+                "VIP ownership currently supports IPv4 only (got {vip})"
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn resolve_ip_command() -> String {
+    if let Ok(path) = std::env::var("FIBERLB_IP_COMMAND") {
+        let trimmed = path.trim();
+        if !trimmed.is_empty() {
+            return trimmed.to_string();
+        }
+    }
+
+    for candidate in [
+        "/run/current-system/sw/bin/ip",
+        "/usr/sbin/ip",
+        "/sbin/ip",
+        "/usr/bin/ip",
+        "/bin/ip",
+    ] {
+        if Path::new(candidate).exists() {
+            return candidate.to_string();
+        }
+    }
+
+    "ip".to_string()
+}
+
+fn render_command_output(output: &std::process::Output) -> String {
+    let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim().to_string();
+    if !stderr.is_empty() {
+        return stderr;
+    }
+
+    let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).trim().to_string();
+    if !stdout.is_empty() {
+        return stdout;
+    }
+
+    format!("exit status {}", output.status)
+}

nix/modules/fiberlb.nix

@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ let
     vip_advertisement = {
       interval_secs = cfg.vipCheckIntervalSecs;
     };
+    vip_ownership = {
+      enabled = cfg.vipOwnership.enable;
+      interface = cfg.vipOwnership.interface;
+    };
   } // lib.optionalAttrs cfg.bgp.enable {
     bgp =
       {
@@ -155,6 +159,16 @@ in
       description = "Interval between FiberLB VIP-to-BGP reconciliation sweeps.";
     };
 
+    vipOwnership = {
+      enable = lib.mkEnableOption "FiberLB local VIP ownership";
+
+      interface = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.str;
+        default = "lo";
+        description = "Interface where FiberLB should claim VIP /32 addresses.";
+      };
+    };
+
     bgp = {
       enable = lib.mkEnableOption "FiberLB native BGP VIP advertisement";
 
@@ -240,6 +254,10 @@ in
         assertion = (!cfg.bgp.enable) || ((builtins.length cfg.bgp.peers) > 0);
         message = "services.fiberlb.bgp.peers must contain at least one peer when native BGP is enabled";
       }
+      {
+        assertion = (!cfg.vipOwnership.enable) || cfg.bgp.enable;
+        message = "services.fiberlb.vipOwnership.enable requires services.fiberlb.bgp.enable";
+      }
     ];
 
     # Create system user
@@ -258,6 +276,7 @@ in
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       after = [ "network.target" "iam.service" ] ++ flaredbDependencies;
       requires = [ "iam.service" ] ++ flaredbDependencies;
+      path = lib.optionals cfg.vipOwnership.enable [ pkgs.iproute2 ];
 
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "simple";
@@ -276,6 +295,8 @@ in
         ProtectSystem = "strict";
         ProtectHome = true;
         ReadWritePaths = [ cfg.dataDir ];
+        AmbientCapabilities = lib.optionals cfg.vipOwnership.enable [ "CAP_NET_ADMIN" ];
+        CapabilityBoundingSet = lib.optionals cfg.vipOwnership.enable [ "CAP_NET_ADMIN" ];
 
         # Environment variables for service endpoints
         Environment = [

nix/modules/plasmacloud-network.nix

@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ in {
             if node != null then node.ip else "127.0.0.1";
         peers = cfg.fiberlbBgp.peers;
       };
+
+      services.fiberlb.vipOwnership.enable = mkDefault true;
     })
 
     # PrismNET OVN integration

nix/tests/fiberlb-native-bgp-vm-smoke.nix

@@ -29,6 +29,25 @@ let
   iamProto = "iam.proto";
   fiberlbProtoDir = ../../fiberlb/crates/fiberlb-api/proto;
   fiberlbProto = "fiberlb.proto";
+  backendScript = pkgs.writeText "fiberlb-smoke-backend.py" ''
+    from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
+
+
+    class Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        def do_GET(self):
+            body = b"fiberlb smoke backend\n"
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(body)
+
+        def log_message(self, format, *args):
+            return
+
+
+    HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 18081), Handler).serve_forever()
+  '';
 in
 {
   name = "fiberlb-native-bgp-vm-smoke";
@@ -49,6 +68,7 @@ in
         ];
 
         environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
+          curl
           gobgp
           gobgpd
           jq
@@ -117,6 +137,10 @@ in
           healthCheckIntervalSecs = 1;
           healthCheckTimeoutSecs = 1;
           vipCheckIntervalSecs = 1;
+          vipOwnership = {
+            enable = true;
+            interface = "lo";
+          };
           bgp = {
             enable = true;
             localAs = 65010;
@@ -141,7 +165,7 @@ in
           after = [ "network.target" ];
           serviceConfig = {
             Type = "simple";
-            ExecStart = "${pkgs.python3}/bin/python -m http.server 18081 --bind 127.0.0.1";
+            ExecStart = "${pkgs.python3}/bin/python ${backendScript}";
             Restart = "always";
             RestartSec = "1s";
           };
@@ -276,6 +300,26 @@ in
                 time.sleep(1)
             raise AssertionError(f"route {prefix} still present in GoBGP RIB")
 
+    def wait_for_local_vip(vip, present):
+        pattern = f"inet {vip}/32"
+        if present:
+            lb.wait_until_succeeds(
+                f"ip -4 addr show dev lo | grep -F {shlex.quote(pattern)}"
+            )
+        else:
+            deadline = time.time() + 60
+            while time.time() < deadline:
+                output = lb.succeed("ip -4 addr show dev lo || true")
+                if pattern not in output:
+                    return
+                time.sleep(1)
+            raise AssertionError(f"VIP {vip} still present on loopback")
+
+    def wait_for_http_success(url):
+        router.wait_until_succeeds(
+            f"curl -fsS --max-time 5 {shlex.quote(url)} | grep -F 'fiberlb smoke backend'"
+        )
+
     start_all()
     serial_stdout_off()
 
@@ -307,7 +351,9 @@ in
     )
     loadbalancer = lb_response["loadbalancer"]
     lb_id = loadbalancer["id"]
-    vip_prefix = f"{loadbalancer['vipAddress']}/32"
+    vip = loadbalancer["vipAddress"]
+    vip_prefix = f"{vip}/32"
+    listener_url = f"http://{vip}:18080/"
 
     pool_id = grpcurl_json(
         lb,
@@ -363,16 +409,50 @@ in
         headers=[f"authorization: Bearer {token}"],
     )
 
+    grpcurl_json(
+        lb,
+        "127.0.0.1:50085",
+        FIBERLB_PROTO_DIR,
+        FIBERLB_PROTO,
+        "fiberlb.v1.ListenerService/CreateListener",
+        {
+            "name": "bgp-smoke-listener",
+            "loadbalancerId": lb_id,
+            "protocol": "LISTENER_PROTOCOL_TCP",
+            "port": 18080,
+            "defaultPoolId": pool_id,
+        },
+        headers=[f"authorization: Bearer {token}"],
+    )
+
     wait_for_backend_status("BACKEND_STATUS_ONLINE", backend_id, token)
+    wait_for_local_vip(vip, True)
     wait_for_route(vip_prefix, True)
+    router.succeed(f"ip route replace {shlex.quote(vip_prefix)} via 192.168.100.2 dev eth1")
+    wait_for_http_success(listener_url)
+
+    router.succeed("systemctl restart gobgpd-peer.service")
+    router.wait_for_unit("gobgpd-peer.service")
+    router.wait_until_succeeds("gobgp -u 127.0.0.1 -p 50051 neighbor | grep -F 192.168.100.2")
+    wait_for_route(vip_prefix, True)
+    wait_for_http_success(listener_url)
 
     lb.succeed("systemctl stop mock-backend.service")
     wait_for_backend_status("BACKEND_STATUS_OFFLINE", backend_id, token)
     wait_for_route(vip_prefix, False)
+    wait_for_local_vip(vip, False)
+    router.fail(f"curl -fsS --max-time 3 {shlex.quote(listener_url)}")
 
     lb.succeed("systemctl start mock-backend.service")
     lb.wait_for_unit("mock-backend.service")
     wait_for_backend_status("BACKEND_STATUS_ONLINE", backend_id, token)
+    wait_for_local_vip(vip, True)
     wait_for_route(vip_prefix, True)
+    wait_for_http_success(listener_url)
+
+    lb.succeed("systemctl stop fiberlb.service")
+    wait_for_local_vip(vip, False)
+    wait_for_route(vip_prefix, False)
+    router.fail(f"curl -fsS --max-time 3 {shlex.quote(listener_url)}")
   '';
 }